High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

High blood pressure affects one out of every five adults in North-America. Nearly half of those with high blood pressure are unaware that they have it. Of those who are aware, 20% do not obtain adequate treatment.

The blood pressure of a normal, healthy adult is 120/80. The first number is the systolic pressure; the second number is the diastolic pressure. Blood pressure is measured at two points in the heart’s rhythm. A soft inflatable cuff is wrapped around the upper arm and inflated. Systolic pressure is measured when the pressure from the cuff causes the pulse in the lower arm to stop. The second number is a blood pressure reading the diastolic pressure, which is determined when the cuff is deflated and the blood is flows freely once again.

High blood pressure is divided into two categories:

Primary Hypertension is high blood pressure that is not due to an underlying health problem.

Secondary Hypertension is when high blood pressure is a direct result of medications or an underlying health problem.

In many cases, a doctor may not be able to pinpoint the exact cause of high blood pressure, but there are some factors that are known to increase blood pressure, including obesity, heredity, diet, water retention, alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity, stress and excessive stimulant use. The incidence of high blood pressure is higher in blacks and the elderly. Other common causes of high blood pressure include atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, kidney malfunction, diabetes, hyperthyroidism and adrenal tumors.

Possible Symptoms and Complications of High Blood Pressure / Hypertension
Hypertension is known as the "silent killer" because in many cases there are no symptoms until serious complications develop. People with very high blood pressure can experience pulsating headaches (especially in the morning), visual disturbances, nausea and vomiting. Untreated high blood pressure can damage heart, kidneys and eyes leading to angina, heart attack, heart failure, kidney failure, peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, stroke and abnormal heart beat. Complications of high blood pressure include:
- Heart Attack
- Congestive heart failure
- Arteriosclerosis
- Aortic dissection
- Kidney disease
- Stroke
- Brain damage
- Vision problems

Possible Lifestyle Changes for High Blood Pressure / Hypertension
Maintain a healthy weight and exercise regularly. Reduce salt intake and limit or eliminate tobacco, caffeine and alcohol use. Add fiber to the diet and increase intake of fruits and vegetables. Commit to a light to moderate exercise regime after consulting with a doctor. Reduce stress. Monitor blood pressure at home and take blood pressure medications properly.